DEVELOPING SDL
Definitions and Methods
KNOWLES DEFINITION
Self-directed learning, in its broadest meaning, describes a process in which individuals take the initiative
with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals,
identifying resources for learning, choosing and implementing learning strategies and evaluating
learning outcomes (Knowles, 1975).
ISSDL DEFINITION
Self-directed learning is an intentional learning process that is created and evaluated by the learner.
LIFELONG LEARNING
​ Lifelong learning is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons. Therefore, it not only enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development, but also self-sustainability, as well as competitiveness and employability. (Wikipedia)
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This check list for lifelong learning also aligns with SDL
Identification of Learning Need
Drawing from both Knowles and the ISSDL definition, the learner, themselves, decides what they need to learn.  They hold the key to their learning.
Cultivation and Evaluation of Learning Resources
The learner chooses their learning methods and resources available. The resources may include formal (such as classes ) or informal methods but it is the learner's decision as to how they learn.
Persistence and Motivation
Motivation and persistence by the learner has can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. Helping the learning understand their motivations for learning.
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With motivation - reducing the learner's fear of failure may have a positive impact on motivation.
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Flow theory also may have a positive impact on motivation and helping learners to achieve flow increases motivation and thus may support self-direction.
Reflection
Behaviors and characteristics which support lifelong learning include taking risks, trying new things, self-reflection, listening, gathering information, and being open to new ideas and information (Kotter, 1996).
Scaffolding
Scaffolding refers to various instructional techniques used to move learners progressively toward greater independence in the learning process
Time
Research demonstrates significant relationship between time management and academic success. SubaÅŸi (2000) and thus explain the high levels of academic success among individuals capable of self-directed learning.
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Helping learners to learn more quickly and manage time may increase self-direction and success.